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	<title>Comments on: Meteor Explosion Over Kerala Brings Red Rain, E.T. Microbes</title>
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	<description>Scooping up science news and dropping it on your desk</description>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-6005</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Apr 2005 14:08:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-6005</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m very very late in finding this thread...b ut I just heard about this wholet hing yesterday and it&#039;s the coolest most interesting thing I&#039;ve ever ever heard in my life... this colored rain stuff. I&#039;d like to learn as much about it as I can. Could I have a copy of the file?

cameo AT groundcontrol.us

Thanks soooo much!!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m very very late in finding this thread&#8230;b ut I just heard about this wholet hing yesterday and it&#8217;s the coolest most interesting thing I&#8217;ve ever ever heard in my life&#8230; this colored rain stuff. I&#8217;d like to learn as much about it as I can. Could I have a copy of the file?</p>
<p>cameo AT groundcontrol.us</p>
<p>Thanks soooo much!!</p>
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		<title>By: ed333</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5980</link>
		<dc:creator>ed333</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Mar 2005 11:09:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5980</guid>
		<description>vsasi

I just saw your reply.  I would love to have a copy of the pdf report emailed to me.

send to keeb333 AT gmail DOT com.  T

Thanks
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>vsasi</p>
<p>I just saw your reply.  I would love to have a copy of the pdf report emailed to me.</p>
<p>send to keeb333 AT gmail DOT com.  T</p>
<p>Thanks</p>
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		<title>By: vsasi</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5949</link>
		<dc:creator>vsasi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Sep 2004 22:52:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5949</guid>
		<description>It is a tragedy that scientists from a premier institute in India should make such announcements without even taking a look at one sample of coloured rain water. If they had taken the pains to put one drop of the coloured rain water under a microscope and take a peek through the lens, they would not have made such statements.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is a tragedy that scientists from a premier institute in India should make such announcements without even taking a look at one sample of coloured rain water. If they had taken the pains to put one drop of the coloured rain water under a microscope and take a peek through the lens, they would not have made such statements.</p>
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		<title>By: vsasi</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5923</link>
		<dc:creator>vsasi</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Sep 2004 22:28:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5923</guid>
		<description>I happened to see this report on the red (and other) coloured rainfall over Kerala only recently. As the first person to go to the site and collect samples, I have some information that has apparently not been posted here. A complete report on our studies is available as a pdf file that can be mailed to anyone who is interested. I am just clarifying some points here.

I was the first scientist to be informed of the phenomenon and had the privilege of collecting a reasonably good quantity of rainwater. As the news flashed in the media the next day, reports started coming in from a number of places in the state, and some of them had other colours like blue and yellow. We were not able to cope with the number of reports and could collect samples only from a few places. I give below details about the phenomenon at the first place (Changanasserry) from where I got the report.

(1) The rain was visibly red and very deep in colour. Water collected in vessels kept outside was brick red to brown. This was seen around 8 am. A number of people reported hearing an extremely loud thunder early in the morning, around 5:15 am, and a few people also reported seeing something like a lightning. This was an isolated event and was not repeated. We talked to a large number of people and determined that people in an elongated region of about one and a half to two kilometer length lying roughly in the east-west direction  had heard the sound with almost similar intensity right overhead. People living in areas adjacent to it could identify that the sound came from one side. We concluded that this could not have been a lightning stroke, but could have been only a meteor that came close to the ground. Our immediate conclusion was, therefore, that the colour was due to meteor dust. Eventually, we found that it contained some elliptical shaped organism and gave the sample to microbiologists. They cultured the sample in different media and came to the conclusion that it consisted of spores from a lichn-forming algae of the family Trentepohlia.

(2) Barakn&#039;s observation that the winds would have carried the particles very far is true. But it has to be noted that the meteor (we are certain that there was one) came from the west at a low angle and could have started disintegrating much before it reached over land in Kerala. If the meteor (if at all it had been the cause) had deposited dust in the lower stratosphere and the upper troposphere, winds would have initially carried it to the west and then, at lower heights, brought it back to the east and over Kerala. This can be confirmed by taking a look at the wind pattern over the region at different altitudes.

(3) Barakn&#039;s observation that it could have been only dust from Africa or the Arabian Peninsula cannot be true because we have observed and isolated large quantities of the red coloured spores from the rain water.

(4) Barakn says that Godfrey Louis should go back to studying crystals. Perhaps. But I am yet to see any biologist taking any serious interest in this phenomenon. I am sorry to say that even the microbiologist who conducted the study based on our sample did not find the time to look more seriously into the matter. Our estimate was that, in the least, one thousand kilograms of spores had fallen in that region. This is a very conservative estimate, after making allowances for a number of possible and improbable errors, because we just could into believe the figures we initially arrived at. We still are unable to say how so much spores, if indeed that is what they really were, went into the sky one fine morning. Many such unanswered questions are mentioned in our report. May be Godfrey&#039;s conclusions are incorrect. But he has succeeded in drawing attention to a strange phenomenon that is yet to be explained.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I happened to see this report on the red (and other) coloured rainfall over Kerala only recently. As the first person to go to the site and collect samples, I have some information that has apparently not been posted here. A complete report on our studies is available as a pdf file that can be mailed to anyone who is interested. I am just clarifying some points here.</p>
<p>I was the first scientist to be informed of the phenomenon and had the privilege of collecting a reasonably good quantity of rainwater. As the news flashed in the media the next day, reports started coming in from a number of places in the state, and some of them had other colours like blue and yellow. We were not able to cope with the number of reports and could collect samples only from a few places. I give below details about the phenomenon at the first place (Changanasserry) from where I got the report.</p>
<p>(1) The rain was visibly red and very deep in colour. Water collected in vessels kept outside was brick red to brown. This was seen around 8 am. A number of people reported hearing an extremely loud thunder early in the morning, around 5:15 am, and a few people also reported seeing something like a lightning. This was an isolated event and was not repeated. We talked to a large number of people and determined that people in an elongated region of about one and a half to two kilometer length lying roughly in the east-west direction  had heard the sound with almost similar intensity right overhead. People living in areas adjacent to it could identify that the sound came from one side. We concluded that this could not have been a lightning stroke, but could have been only a meteor that came close to the ground. Our immediate conclusion was, therefore, that the colour was due to meteor dust. Eventually, we found that it contained some elliptical shaped organism and gave the sample to microbiologists. They cultured the sample in different media and came to the conclusion that it consisted of spores from a lichn-forming algae of the family Trentepohlia.</p>
<p>(2) Barakn&#8217;s observation that the winds would have carried the particles very far is true. But it has to be noted that the meteor (we are certain that there was one) came from the west at a low angle and could have started disintegrating much before it reached over land in Kerala. If the meteor (if at all it had been the cause) had deposited dust in the lower stratosphere and the upper troposphere, winds would have initially carried it to the west and then, at lower heights, brought it back to the east and over Kerala. This can be confirmed by taking a look at the wind pattern over the region at different altitudes.</p>
<p>(3) Barakn&#8217;s observation that it could have been only dust from Africa or the Arabian Peninsula cannot be true because we have observed and isolated large quantities of the red coloured spores from the rain water.</p>
<p>(4) Barakn says that Godfrey Louis should go back to studying crystals. Perhaps. But I am yet to see any biologist taking any serious interest in this phenomenon. I am sorry to say that even the microbiologist who conducted the study based on our sample did not find the time to look more seriously into the matter. Our estimate was that, in the least, one thousand kilograms of spores had fallen in that region. This is a very conservative estimate, after making allowances for a number of possible and improbable errors, because we just could into believe the figures we initially arrived at. We still are unable to say how so much spores, if indeed that is what they really were, went into the sky one fine morning. Many such unanswered questions are mentioned in our report. May be Godfrey&#8217;s conclusions are incorrect. But he has succeeded in drawing attention to a strange phenomenon that is yet to be explained.</p>
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		<title>By: mystyc</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5885</link>
		<dc:creator>mystyc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2004 19:33:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5885</guid>
		<description>I found Dr. Louis&#039; articles on line and asked him if he has measured the relative abundance of the isotopes of the red rain.  He said he did not have access to those facilities to but would really like to do those tests.
My university actually has a mass spectrometry facility that I can use and so I offered recently to do the tests for him.  Briefly for those unfamilar with the significance of the technique, with this test I can determine the exact composition of my sample, as well as the ratio of various isotopes of common elements.  The interesting thing about these ratios is that barring certain noted exceptions (nuclear reactions, respiration for carbon 14 tests, etc...), they are largly constant for all terrestial matter.  Thus this is a good test to determine not only the composition, but also whether it is terrestial.  
I&#039;ll keep you guys updated if I hear anything.

~Kevin</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I found Dr. Louis&#8217; articles on line and asked him if he has measured the relative abundance of the isotopes of the red rain.  He said he did not have access to those facilities to but would really like to do those tests.<br />
My university actually has a mass spectrometry facility that I can use and so I offered recently to do the tests for him.  Briefly for those unfamilar with the significance of the technique, with this test I can determine the exact composition of my sample, as well as the ratio of various isotopes of common elements.  The interesting thing about these ratios is that barring certain noted exceptions (nuclear reactions, respiration for carbon 14 tests, etc&#8230;), they are largly constant for all terrestial matter.  Thus this is a good test to determine not only the composition, but also whether it is terrestial.<br />
I&#8217;ll keep you guys updated if I hear anything.</p>
<p>~Kevin</p>
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		<title>By: Drog</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5843</link>
		<dc:creator>Drog</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 May 2004 10:56:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5843</guid>
		<description>Yup. It&#039;s all described &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciscoop.com/special/faq_account#modify&quot;&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yup. It&#8217;s all described <a href="http://www.sciscoop.com/special/faq_account#modify">here</a>.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5802</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 May 2004 10:15:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5802</guid>
		<description>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~chu/chap2img/fig208.jpg&quot;&gt;July wind&lt;/a&gt;from &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~chu/chap2/se114.htm&quot;&gt;this excellent link&lt;/a&gt;.  There&#039;s more of a seasonal effect than implied in my original post.

-barakn

(my sciscoop password is randomly-generated and impossible to remember, I &#039;spose there&#039;s a way to change it)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~chu/chap2img/fig208.jpg">July wind</a>from <a href="http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/~chu/chap2/se114.htm">this excellent link</a>.  There&#8217;s more of a seasonal effect than implied in my original post.</p>
<p>-barakn</p>
<p>(my sciscoop password is randomly-generated and impossible to remember, I &#8217;spose there&#8217;s a way to change it)</p>
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		<title>By: barakn</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5756</link>
		<dc:creator>barakn</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 May 2004 09:47:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5756</guid>
		<description>Where in his papers did he mention measuring the cell mass?  Nowhere.  The only evidence of growth provided is cell number and turbidity.  Reprocessing of a constant amount of lipid into smaller vesicles would increase the &#039;cell&#039; count while not constituting growth.  The turbidity depends not only on the cell density but on their size.  And the traces left in the bottle would have been lipid.  It would be the one of the few things left after all the volatiles boiled or evaporated away. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Where in his papers did he mention measuring the cell mass?  Nowhere.  The only evidence of growth provided is cell number and turbidity.  Reprocessing of a constant amount of lipid into smaller vesicles would increase the &#8216;cell&#8217; count while not constituting growth.  The turbidity depends not only on the cell density but on their size.  And the traces left in the bottle would have been lipid.  It would be the one of the few things left after all the volatiles boiled or evaporated away.</p>
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		<title>By: ed333</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5700</link>
		<dc:creator>ed333</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 May 2004 18:45:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5700</guid>
		<description>If they are merely lipid vesicles, why would he state that they could be &quot;grown from the traces left in the culture bottle?&quot;  Lipid vesicles would not increase in mass and number, would they?
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If they are merely lipid vesicles, why would he state that they could be &#8220;grown from the traces left in the culture bottle?&#8221;  Lipid vesicles would not increase in mass and number, would they?</p>
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		<title>By: ed333</title>
		<link>http://www.sciscoop.com/2004-5-1-92822-77787.html/comment-page-1#comment-5641</link>
		<dc:creator>ed333</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 May 2004 18:37:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://localhost/~arielschwartz/wordpress/sciscoop/?p=1970#comment-5641</guid>
		<description>I&#039;ll let y&#039;all know if I hear back from him....
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ll let y&#8217;all know if I hear back from him&#8230;.</p>
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